Reference list:

Surname, INITIALS. (Date). Article title: Subtitle. Journal title: Subtitle, volume(part number), pages. DOI or URL (if accessed online)

Please note that the DOI or URL should be a live link

Ruthven, K., & Hennessy, S. (2002). A practitioner model of the use of computer-based tools and resources to support mathematics teaching and learning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 49(1), 47-88. URL (if accessed online, if accessed in print leave this blank).

Passy, R. (2013). Surviving and flourishing in a neoliberal world: Primary trainees talking. British Educational Research Journal, 39(6), 1060–1075. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3024

In-text: Follows standard Author/Year format, with page numbers for any quotes. For further guidance see the In-Text Citations page 

For an article within a special issue or special section, reference as a journal article and do not provide the title of the section/issue.

List the editor(s) in the author position of the reference. Where there are no editors start your reference with the issue/section title.

Provide the title of the special section or issue in the title position followed by the description in square brackets, i.e [Special section]. or [Special issue].

Provide the page range for a special section only, do not provide for a special issue.

Reference List

Waltery, R. (Ed.). (2013). Research in the classroom [Special issue]. British Educational Research Journal, 39(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3024

Waltery, R., Oliver, S. (Eds.). (2013). Research in the classroom [Special Section]. British Educational Research Journal, 39(6), 1060–1075. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3024

In-text: Follows standard Author/Year format, with page numbers for any quotes. For further guidance see the In-Text Citations page 

Firstly provide information for the reprinted version that you have used, followed by the original source in round brackets prefixed by (Reprinted from....) "Original article title: Subtitle," YYYY, Original Journal title: Subtitle, Volume[Part number], page range, DOI or URL. 

If the Journal title and/or the article title are the same, still provide the information for both sources.

The part number of the original is now in Square brackets not round brackets

Reference List

Surname, INITIALS. (Date). Article title. Journal title, volume(part number), pages. DOI or URL (Reprinted from "Original article title: Subtitle," YYYY, Original Journal title: Subtitle, Volume[Part number], page range, DOI or URL. 

Brown, R. (2021). Surviving and flourishing in a primary School. British Educational Research Journal, 52(6), 1060–1075. https://doi.org/10.1002/3024 (Reprinted from "Surviving and flourishing in a primary School," 2013, Primary Research Journal, 12[4], 152-156,  https://doi.org/10.02/30275)

In-Text Citations

Parenthetical citation: (Brown, 2013/2021) 

Narrative citation: Brown  (2013/2021) 

In-text: Follow standard Author/Year format, with page numbers for any quotes. For further guidance see the In-Text Citations page 

The format needed to cite an article that is in press depends on the publication stage of the article: The three stages are: Manuscript, In-Press and Advanced Online Publication.

Where multiple versions of the same work coexist, you should use and cite the final version where possible.

If you have more than 1 reference with the same Author(s), then the in press reference is listed after any dated references in your Reference list, with the earliest listed first.

Green, R. (2008). Surviving meetings. Manuscript

Green, R. (2017). Surviving meetings. British Educational Research Journal, Advance online publication. https://10.1002/berj.3024

Green, R. (in press). Surviving meetings. British Educational Research Journal

Manuscript

A manuscript is an article which has been submitted for publication but not accepted for inclusion in a journal. In which case use the year the manuscript was written as your date. Do not provide the name of the journal or publisher to which the manuscript was submitted.

Green, R. (2008). Surviving meetings. Manuscript

In-Press

If an article has been accepted for publication but not yet made available by the publisher this counts as an unofficial copy and you would need to cite this article using 'in press' instead of a year

Green, R. (in press). Surviving meetings. British Educational Research Journal

Advance Online Publications

Some articles which have not yet been assigned to an issue are made available as advance online publications, in which case provide the author(s), year of posting, title of the article, name of the journal, the notation Advance online publication, and the DOI or the URL of the journal’s home page.

Green, R. (2017). Surviving meetings. British Educational Research Journal, Advance online publication. https://10.1002/berj.3024

Reference List
For your reference list, include all authors with the last author name preceded by & (up to 19 authors). 
For works with 20 or more authors, list the first nineteen then use an ellipsis (...) and list the name of the last author of the work (no & is required).

2 authors (separate the 2 authors with &):

Surname, INITIALS., & Surname, INITIALS. (Date). Article title. Journal title: Subtitle, volume(part number), pages. DOI or URL 

Brundrett, M., & Rhodes, C. (2011). A practitioner model of the use of computer-based tools and resources to support mathematics teaching and learning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 49(1), 47-88.

3-19 authors (use & before the last author):

Surname, INITIALS., Surname, INITIALS., & Surname, INITIALS. (Date). Article title. Journal title: Subtitle, volume(part number), pages. DOI or URL 

Green, A., Preston, J., & Janmaat, J. G. (2006). A practitioner model of the use of computer-based tools and resources to support mathematics teaching and learning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 49(1), 47-88.

 

20 Authors or more (list the first nineteen then use an ellipsis (...) and list the name of the last author of the work (no & is required):

Jaramillo, C., Gilbert, A. N., Bulixi, T. P., Farland, N., Smith, L. J., Leland, K., Fran, J., Moore, R. B., Garrett, B. C., Done, N. D., Witting, R. E., Dunkle, F. T., Smith, J. M., Johnson, H. H., Bath, N., Williams, S. T., Brown, N., Jones, T. R., Miller, J.,…Wintle, N. (2012). A practitioner model of the use of computer-based tools and resources to support mathematics teaching and learning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 49(1), 47-88.

In-Text Citations
For works with 1 or 2 authors include all names in every in-text citation

Parenthetical citations use the & between surnames (for 2 authors) and before the last surname for 3 or more authors, e.g.
(Brown, 2017) or (Green & Preston, 2006)
Narrative citations spell out 'and' in between surnames (for 2 authors) and before the last surname for 3 or more authors, e.g.
Brown (2017) or Green and Preson (2006)

For works with 3 or more authors, use the first author surname plus et al. (not italicised) for all in-text citations. The exception to this is when doing so would lead to confusion with other citations (i.e. citations with the same lead author surname and year), in which case, include all author names to make the citation clear.

Parenthetical citations 
(Green et al., 2006)

Narrative citations
Green et al. (2006)

For further guidance see the In-Text Citations page 

 

Where there are no authors or editors start your reference with the title and provide. Do not use  “Anonymous” unless the work is actually signed “Anonymous.” 

Reference list:

Journals

Article title : Subtitle. (Year). Journal Title: Subtitle, Volume (Issue), page range. DOI/URL (if available)

Acceleration or enrichment?: Exploring the relative strengths and weaknesses of “Acceleration” and “Enrichment”.  (2012).The De Morgan Journal,  2(2), 297-125.  https://doi.org/10.1002/3024

Magazine or Newspaper Article

Making the grade in today's schools. (1990, April 9).Time, 135. 

Ignoring ministers is secret of a primary school's success. (2005, December 2). The Independent.  http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/ignoring-ministers-is-secret-of-a-primary-schools-success-517799.html

In-text: Use the title (or an abbreviated section of title within double quotation marks) in place of an author/editor. Where the section heading is unmanageable to cite in full, use a shortened version enclosed in quotation marks:

("Acceleration or enrichment," 2012)

Please note the change in the date element (Year, Month, Date)

Surname, INITIALS (Year, Month, Date). Article title: Subtitle. Magazine title, Issue number, page range. URL (if accessed online but do not include the URL from a database, in which case cite as print and stop reference after the Issue number and page numbers (if available, if not the Magazine title)

Online with retrievable URL

Lang, C. (2017, September 18). Teacher turned his classroom into a magical Hogwarts destination. Time, 135, 20-22. https://time.com/4946760/harry-potter-classroom-2

Online from database

Lang, C. (2017, September 18). Teacher turned his classroom into a magical Hogwarts destination. Time, 135, 20-22.

If the magazine article does not have volume, issue, and/or page numbers (e.g., because it is from an online magazine), omit the missing elements from the reference.

Lang, C. (2017, September 18). Teacher turned his classroom into a magical Hogwarts destination. Time.

Print (include page numbers after the magazine title, but do not include the abbreviations “p.” or “pp.” )

Lang, C. (2017, September 18). Teacher turned his classroom into a magical Hogwarts destination. Time. 135, 24.

In-text: Follows standard Author/Year format, with page numbers for any quotes. For further guidance see the In-Text Citations page 
 

Please note the change in the date element (Year, Month, Date)

Surname, INITIALS (Year, Month, Date). Article title: Subtitle. Newspaper title. page range (if available). URL (if accessed online but do not include the URL from a database, in which case cite as print and stop reference after the newspaper title).

Online with retrievable URL

Cassidy, S. (2005, December 2). Ignoring ministers is secret of a primary school's success. The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/ignoring-ministers-is-secret-of-a-primary-schools-success-517799.html

Online from database

Cassidy, S. (2005, December 2). Ignoring ministers is secret of a primary school's success. The Independent.

Print (include page numbers after the newspaper title, but do not include the abbreviations “p.” or “pp.” )

Cassidy, S. (2005, December 2). Ignoring ministers is secret of a primary school's success. The Independent, 23

In-text: Follows standard Author/Year format, with page numbers for any quotes. For further guidance see the In-Text Citations page 

To cite from online news website please see the guidance in the Websites & Online Publications page

 

Elements to include:

• Name of the group that released the press release as the author.
• Title of the press release
• Include the description [Press release] in square brackets after the title.
• Publisher (omit this if it is the same as the author)
• URL

Group author or individual author. (best available date in the format of: YYYY, Month day) Title: Subtitle.[Press release] Publisher. URL (if accessed online).

It is always good practice to read and reference the original source of a work. If this is not possible you need to include the secondary source in your reference list, i.e the item you are using (whether it is a book, journal article or any other material) and acknowledge the original source by using the phrase (as cited in ...) in your in-text citation.

In-text:

MacGilchrist argues that ....(as cited in Brundrett & Rhodes, 2011, p. 99)

Reference List:

Brundrett, M., & Rhodes, C. (2011). Leadership for quality and accountability in education. London: Routledge.

To cite quotes from an online source where there are no visible page numbers, use paragraph numbers, where available, with the abbreviation para and include the section heading where available, for example (project introduction, para. 3).

Where the section heading is unmanageable to cite in full, use a shortened version enclosed in quotation marks, for example, use ("Mandatory Labelling," para. 4) for the heading Mandatory labelling has targeted information gaps and social objectives.

**DO NOT use the page numbers from material that you have printed out from an online source as different printers may reflect different pagination**

Use the information from the version/format you have read.

All examples are for book sources, please adapt for other source types following guidance in the relevant sections of this guide

Translated works
Use the information from the version/format you have read and acknowledge the translator.

Reference List (book example):

Surname, INITIALS, (date). Title (INITIALS, Surname, Trans.).Publisher.

Piaget, J (1969). The psychology of the child (H. Weaver, Trans.). Basic Books.

In-text:

(Piaget, 1969)

Citing your own translations

In-text

If you translate a passage from one language into another it is considered paraphrasing and not a direct quotation. Thus, to cite your translated material, all you need to do is include the author and date of the material in the in-text citation. It is helpful to include the page number in the citation as this will help any readers who do not speak the original language to find the translated passage.

Reference List:

In the reference list, provide the citation for the work in its original language and in addition to this provide an English translation of the title of the work in [square brackets] after the foreign-language title, without italics.

Further guidance and more examples can be found on the APA Blog 

 

Works written in languages other than English

It is helpful to provide an English translation of the title in square brackets. For example, an original French edition of a work by Piaget:

Use the information from the version/format you have read

Reference List (book example):

Surname, INITIALS. (Date). Title. [Translated Title]. Publisher.

Piaget, J. (1966). La psychologie de l’enfant [The psychology of  the child]. Presses Universitaires de France.

In-text:

(Piaget, 1969)

Reference List (Journal article example):

Surname, INITIALS. (Date). Article title in original language [English translation of article title]. Journal name (Transliterated if in non-roman script), volume(Issue), Page(s). DOI or Web address (If access online)

Citing a work written in another language script

Titles should be transliterated and translated into English as in the example below of a source in Arabic, where the Arabic language has been transliterated from the Arabic alphabet to the Latin alphabet. Then you also put an English translation of the title of the document in squire brackets after the transliterated title.

Najm, Y. (1966). Al-qissah fi al-adab Al-Arabi al-hadith [The novel in modern Arabic literature]. Dar Al-Thaqafah.

Further guidance and more examples can be found on the APA Blog here 

Works written in a non-Roman script

You will need to transliterate the details of sources into the Roman script. Further guidance and more examples can be found on the APA Blog 

Author(s)

For the author you would use solely the transliterated form of their name(s) and you do not include the original script in either your reference list or any in-text citations

黒澤 明 transliterated is Akira Kurosawa 

The in-text citation would be the transliterated author surname and date, e.g (Kurosawa , 2002)

Title (not journal titles, please see below)

For titles you need to use the transliterated form and include the English translation within square brackets

七人の侍 transliterated is Shichinin no Samurai,

Journal titles, please see below

For journal titles you need to use the transliterated form only, with no need to include the English translation in square brackets

An Example of a transliterated source (a film)

The final reference would look like this:

Kurosawa, A. (Director). (1954). Shichinin no samurai [Seven samurai]. Toho: Japan.

(Kurosawa, 1954)

An Example of a source in Arabic (Book)

The Arabic language has been transliterated from the Arabic alphabet to the Roman alphabet, after which you also put an English translation of the title of the document in squire brackets (after the transliterated title).

Najm, Y. (1966). Al-qissah fi al-adab Al-Arabi al-hadith [The novel in modern Arabic literature]. Dar Al-Thaqafah.

 

If the information needed to create a reference list entry is missing or unknown please follow the guidance from the APA Blog  (taken from Section 9.4 of the APA Publication Manual, 7th edition)

If you only have an approximate date, place “ca.” (short for “circa”) before the year (or years if a date range)

(ca. 1959)

Date ranges have a hyphen between them (no space)

(ca. 1959-1962)

 

For further guidance please follow the guidance from the APA Blog  (taken from Section 9.42 of the APA Publication Manual, 7th edition)

Reference List
For your reference list, include all authors with the last author name preceded by & (up to 20 authors). 
For works with 20 or more authors, list the first nineteen then use an ellipsis (...) and list the name of the last author of the work (no & is required).
Please see examples in the Books by Multiple Authors Box for further guidance

In-Text Citations
For works with 1 or 2 authors include all names in every in-text citation

Parenthetical citations use the & between surnames (for 2 authors) and before the last surname for 3 or more authors, e.g
(Brown, 2017) or (Green & Preston, 2006)
Narrative citations spell out 'and' in between surnames (for 2 authors) and before the last surname for 3 or more authors, e.g
Brown (2017) or Green and Preson (2006)

For works with 3 or more authors, use the first author surname plus et al. (not italicised) for all in-text citations. The exception to this is when doing so would lead to confusion with other citations (i.e citations with the same lead author surname and year), in which case, include all author names to make the citation clear.

Parenthetical citations 
(Green et al., 2006)

Narrative citations
Green et al. (2006)

Additional guidance on in-text citations can be found on the APA Blog

Reviews are referenced following the format for the source they are published in, with the addition of the original source information in square brackets after the review title (if there is one), e.g [Review of the book/film/TV series Book etc title, by Initial(s) Surname of author/editor/writer/director]

For reviews in books and journals provide the year of the review.

Surname, Initial(s) of reviewer, (YYYY). Title of review if there is one [Review of the book/film/TV series Book etc title, by Initial(s) Surname of author/editor/writer/director] Source information i.e Journal/Book title. DOI or URL if there is one

For reviews from websites or newspapers provide the year, month and date of the review.

Surname, Initial(s) of reviewer, (YYYY, Month Day). Title of review if there is one [Review of the book/film/TV series Book etc title, by Initial(s) Surname of author/editor/writer/director] Source information i.e Journal/Book title. DOI or URL if there is one

Book review published in a journal 

Fforde, A. (2016). [Review of the book Politics in contemporary Vietnam: party, state and authority relations, by J. London (Ed.).] Journal of Vietnamese Studies, 11(3-4), 365-372. doi: 10.1525/jvs.2016.11.3-4.365

Book review on the back or front pages of a book 

Cite as you would a chapter in a book, e.g.
Fforde, A. (2016). [Review of the book Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods, (6th ed.), by R. Yin.]  In R. Yin, Case study research: design and methods (6th ed., Back cover). Sage.

Film review published on a website

Fforde, A. (2016, March 5). [Review of the film Mary Poppins, by R. Stevenson,Dir.] Title of Website, URL
 

TV series review published on a website

Whole series

Fforde, A. (2016, March 5). [Review of the TV series Doctor Who, by R. Stevenson,Dir.] Title of Website, URL

Individual episode

Fforde, A. (2016, March 5). [Review of the TV series episode "Praxeus", by R. Stevenson,Dir.] Title of Website, URL

 

• In general when you are using an anonymous source, this will mean that they can't be retrieved as they can't be referred to directly therefore there is no need to add an entry into your reference list (giving an URL or other information would likely identify the source).
• Whether you use a pseudonym or in the case of multiple sources list them as 'School A' etc you do need to make it clear in the body of your text that these are anonymous sources and therefore would not have an entry in the reference list.
• If you need to anonymise comments from participants in a research survey then you can discuss comments and secure confidentiality by referring to participants by their role rather than their name their roles (e.g Teacher, student), or use your own code, or use pseudonyms
• You can include anonymised excerpts of a study or report in your appendix (as long as confidentiality is maintained), if so refer to the appendix in-text.

*Please note that you should not use Anon. or Anonymous in an in-text citation unless the author has specifically been stated as such in the source*

*For works where there is no author you need to start the reference with the title information instead*