How to reference...
If you are using an ebook, rather than an online only source - cite these following the guidance in the Books and Ebooks section.
Date:
When an online reference work is continuously updated, use n.d. as the date and include a retrieval date.
If you can access a permanent URL to a stable page that will not change then you will not need the Retrieved date and can use a named date.
Entry in a dictionary, theasurus or encyclopedia with a group author
Group author. (n.d.). Term/title of section. in Title of work. Retrieved Month day, YYYY, from URL
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Pedagogy. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved January 4, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pedagogy
In text:
To quote a definition of a term, include the definition number
(Merriam-Webster, n.d., Definition 1).
Entry in a dictionary, theasurus or encyclopedia with an individual author
Section author surname, INITIALS. (date or n.d.). Term/title of section. in INITIALS. Surname (Ed.) or INITIALS. Surname & INITIALS. Surname (Eds.) (if known), Title of work. Retrieved Month day, YYYY, from URL
Blust, R. (n.d.). Austronesian languages. in Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 24, 2020 from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Austronesian-languages
In text:
(Blust, n.d.).
Entry in a dictionary, theasurus or encyclopedia with no author
Where there is no author, start your reference with the title of the page/section. For example Wikipedia
Title of page/section. (date or n.d.). in title of source. Retrieved Month day, YYYY (if needed) URL
If you can access a permanent URL to a stable page that will not change then you will not need the Retrieved date and can use a named date. For example in Wikipedia you can access the stable archived version of a page by selecting 'view history' then select the link to page for the time and date you have used.
List of oldest schools. (2021, March 23). In Wikipedia. URL
Non permanent link:
List of oldest schools. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved August 12, 2021) from URL
In-Text
(List of oldest schools, 2021)
(List of oldest schools, n.d.)
Printed dictionary with group author
Group author. (YYYY). Term. in Title of Dictionary (edition information., p. ). Publisher (if different from author).
Merriam-Webster. (2003). Pedagogy. In Merriam-Webster’s dictionary (11th ed., p. 72).
Printed dictionary with editor
Editor surname, INITIALS. (Ed. or Eds.) (YYYY). Term. in Title of Dictionary (edition information., p. ). Publisher.
Sykes, W. (Ed.) ( 2003). Pedagogy. In he concise Oxford dictionary of current English (7th ed., pp. 137-162). Clarendon.
In-Text
To quote a definition of a term, include the definition number
(Merriam-Webster, n.d., Definition 1).
(Sykes, n.d., Definition 1).
See our Zotero Guide for guidance on downloading and using Zotero.
Stuck with referencing? The Library Team are happy to help with all of your referencing queries!
Email: library@educ.cam.ac.uk
Or you can book a 1:1 appointment with a member of the Library Team
Unsure which source type to use?
Sometimes the distinctions between source types can be ambiguous, in which case consistency is the most important thing. If a source could be defined as more than one source type then a judgement is needed to choose which format to use and you then need to be consistent throughout your work to make sure all other similar sources are referenced the same way.