Reference list:

Surname, INITIALS. (Date). Title: Subtitle. Publisher. DOI or URL (if an ebook)

Print book:

Robson, C. (2011). Real world research: A resource for users of social research methods in applied settings. Wiley-Blackwell.

Ebook:

Robson, C. (2011). Real world research: A resource for users of social research methods in applied settings. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi:10.4324/978020302905

In-text: Follows standard Author/Year format, with page numbers for any quotes

For further guidance see the In-text citations page 

Parenthetical citation 

(Robson, 2011) or (Robson, 2011, p.3)

Narrative citation 

Robson (2011) or Robson (2011, p.3)

Reference List
For your reference list, include all authors with the last author name preceded by & (up to 19 authors). 
For works with 20 or more authors, list the first nineteen then use an ellipsis (...) and list the name of the last author of the work (no & is required).

2 authors: Separate the 2 authors with &
Brundrett, M., & Rhodes, C. (2011). Leadership for quality and accountability in education. Routledge.
3 or more authors: Use & before the last author
Green, A., Preston, J., & Janmaat, J,G. (2006). Education, equality and social cohesion: A comparative analysis. Palgrave Macmillan.
20 or more Authors:
Jaramillo, C., Gilbert, A. N., Bulixi, T. P., Farland, N., Smith, L. J., Leland, K., Fran, J., Moore, R. B., Garrett, B. C., Done, N. D., Witting, R. E., Dunkle, F. T., Smith, J. M., Johnson, H. H., Bath, N., Williams, S. T., Brown, N., Jones, T. R., Miller, J.,…Wintle, N. (2012). New referencing styles, example reference. Palgrave.

In-Text Citations - 
For works with 1 or 2 authors include all names in every in-text citation

Parenthetical citations use the & between surnames (for 2 authors) and before the last surname for 3 or more authors, e.g
(Brown, 2017) or (Green & Preston, 2006)
Narrative citations spell out 'and' in between surnames (for 2 authors) and before the last surname for 3 or more authors, e.g
Brown (2017) or Green and Preson (2006)

For works with 3 or more authors, use the first author surname plus et al. (not italicised) for all in-text citations. The exception to this is when doing so would lead to confusion with other citations (i.e citations with the same lead author surname and year), in which case, include all author names to make the citation clear.

Parenthetical citations 
(Green et al., 2006)

Narrative citations
Green et al. (2006)
For further guidance see the  In-Text Citations page 

Guidance for referencing books with both authors and editors

Reference list entry

The editors do appear in the reference list (but not in the in-text citations). Editors are entered after the title of the work, with the initial(s) entered first then the surname, all contained within round brackets with Ed or Eds after the last editor.

Hutton, L., & Cox, D. (2021). Making every RE lesson count: Six principles to support religious education teaching (S. Allison & A. Tharby, Eds.). Crown House Publishing. https://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/permalink

In-text citations

Editors are NOT included in in-text citations. Only include the author surnames in the standard Author Surname, Date format. For further guidance see the  In-Text Citations page 

Parenthetical citations 
(Hutton & Cox, 2021)

Narrative citations
Hutton and Cox.....  (2006)

Use the abbreviation (Ed.) for one editor and (Eds.) for multiple editors, placed after the editor names, followed by a full stop.

Sharma, C. (Ed.). (2016). Drama and theatre with children: International perspectives. Routledge.

Include any edition information in round brackets after the title.

Reference list

Surname, INITIALS. (Eds. or Ed.). (Date). Title: Subtitle (edition: Rev. ed. or 2nd ed. etc). Publisher. DOI or URL (if an ebook)

Arthur, J. & Cremin, T. (Eds.). (2010). Learning to teach in the primary school (2nd ed.). Routledge.
 

In-text citation
Follows standard Author/Year format - for further guidance see the In-text citations page

Reference list:

Surname, INITIALS. (Eds. or Ed) (Date). Title: Subtitle (edition: Rev. ed or 2nd ed. etc). Publisher. DOI or URL (if an ebook)

Numbered editions

Arthur, J. & Cremin, T. (Eds.) (2010). Learning to teach in the primary school (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Named editions

Arthur, J. & Cremin, T. (Eds.) (2010). Learning to teach in the primary school (Rev. ed.). Routledge.

Numbered or named editions of translated works

If a translated work has an edition statement you need to include both translator and edition statement in round brackets, listing the translator first then a full stop and semi-colon

Freire, P. (2014). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.; 30th anniversary edition.). Bloomsbury. https://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/permalink/f/t9gok8/44CAM_ALMA51699529650003606

In-Text Citation
Follows standard Author/Year format - for further guidance see the  In-text citations page 

Further examples and guidance can be found on the APA Blog (including Republished books with an editor and Books published with a Forward by another author)

Where you cite multiple chapters you will need separate entries in your reference list for each chapter.

Chapters in edited books

Reference list:

1 Editor - use (Ed.)

Chapter author surname, INITIALS. (date). Chapter title. In INITIALS. Surname (Ed.), Title of book: Subtitle (pages of chapter). Publisher. DOI or URL (if an ebook)

2 or more Editors - use (Eds.)

Chapter author surname, INITIALS. (date). Chapter title. In INITIALS. Surname & INITIALS. Surname (Eds.), Title of book: Subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher. DOI or URL (if an ebook)

Trouche, L. (2005). An instrumental approach to mathematics learning in symbolic calculators environments. In D. Guin & L. Trouche (Eds.), The didactical challenge of symbolic calculators: Turning a computational device into a mathematical instrument (pp. 137-162). Springer.

**Please note** 

The names of the editors are not reversed as they are for the author(s) of the chapter.

You need to use pp. for a range of numbered pages 

In-text: Author of chapter/Date, with page numbers for any quotes.

For further guidance see the  In-Text Citations page 

Parenthetical citation: (Trouche, 2005)

Narrative citation: Trouche (2005)

Chapters in an authored book

When authors are not listed for individual chapters your reference the whole book

When the chapter has listed author(s), cite the chapter following the format for chapters in edited books above, omitting  (Ed. or Eds.) from the reference list entry

Chapter from a book with a named or numbered edition (excluding 1st editions)

Include the edition statement in round brackets along with the page numbers separated with a full stop and a comma, e.g. (3rd ed., pp.2-6).

If the chapter is written in a different language to that which you are writing in, you will need to provide a translation of the chapter title in square brackets, directly after the chapter title. Further guidance on how works in different languages and scripts can be found in the Additional Guidance Section

Chapter from an edited book republished as a translation

Include the translator in round brackets after the chapter title (no full stop). Further guidance and examples can be found in the Translated Books Box

Chapter title (B, Crown, Trans.)

Provide the year of the republication in the main date element of the reference. Provide the year of original publication at the end of the reference in round brackets, after the words “Original work published.” Both publication years appear in the in-text citation, separated with a slash, with the earlier year first.

Reference list: Brontë, C. (1999). Jane Eyre. Wordsworth.(Original work published 1847)

In-text: Page numbers added for any quotes.

Parenthetical citation: (Brontë,1847/1999) 

Narrative citation: Brontë (1847/1999) 

Republished book with editor

If the new version has been edited and/or translated from the original, provide the editor(s) / translator(s) names in round brackets after the title (not in italics). Please note the name(s) are reversed with the initials cited first followed by the surname.

Freud, S. (1990). The interpretation of dreams (J. Strachey, Ed. & Trans.). Basic Books. (Original work published 1900). 

Republished works in an anthology

Treat each poem or prose as a chapter in a book and create both an in-text citation and reference list entry for each.

Rossetti, C. (2001). Up-Hill. In N. Albery (Ed.), Poem for the day. Chatto & Windus. (Original work published 1861).

(Rossetti 1861/2001)

Complete works or a collection of works by the same author.

Although it is not required to provide the date or date range for the original publication, if appropriate and aides understanding this can be added at the end as per the example below for well known works.

Barker, C. M. (2002). The complete book of the flower fairies: Poems and pictures. (Original work published 1923-1948)

(Barker 1923-1948/2002)

Republished with new foreword or introduction by another author

When a person other than the original author has added a new part to the work (such as a foreword or introduction) provide the author of the whole book as the main author, then provide the name of the person who wrote the new part, in round brackets directly afterwards prefixed by with.

Brontë, C. (with Minogue, S.) (1999). Jane Eyre. Wordsworth.(Original work published 1847).

Republished in a different format, e.g. Audiobook that has been released in a different year to the text version (Please see the guidance in the tab: Audiobooks)

Republished in translation (please see the guidance in the tab:  Translated works & works written in languages other than English & Non Roman Script)

Named or numbered editions

Provide any edition statements in round brackets after the title

Brontë, C. (with Minogue, S.) (1999). Jane Eyre. (4th ed.) Wordsworth.(Original work published 1847)

Austen, J. (with Stafford, F. ) (2015). Emma (200th anniversary annotated ed.) Penguin. (Original work published 1815)

Only include a series title from books that are part of a multivolume work. The series title should not be included for books that are part of a conceptually related series but are separate works with distinct titles, e.g. fiction series 

Reference list:

If the volume does not have its own title include the volume number in round brackets along with any edition statement (not in italics)

Aronson, E., Lindzey, G. (1968). The handbook of social psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 1). Addison-Wesley. 

Where each volume has its own title, include the volume number and title after the main title using a colon (all in italics).
Aronson, E., Lindzey, G. (1968). The handbook of social psychology: Vol. 1. Historical introduction (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley. 

In-text: Follows standard Author/Year format, with page numbers for any quotes

Translated work
Use the information from the version you have read and acknowledge the translator.

*Guidance for Works written in languages other than Engilsh and Non Roman Script can be found in the Additional Guidance box*

Reference List:

Surname, INITIALS, (date). Title: Subtitle (INITIALS, Surname, Trans.). Publisher.

Piaget, J (1969). The psychology of the child (H. Weaver, Trans.). Basic Books.

In-text:

(Piaget, 1969)

Numbered or named editions of translated works

If a translated work has an edition statement you need to include both translator and edition statement in round brackets, listing the translator first then a full stop and semi-colon

Freire, P. (2014). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.; 30th anniversary edition.). Bloomsbury. https://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/permalink/f/t9gok8/44CAM_ALMA51699529650003606

Citing your own translations

In-text

If you translate a passage from one language into another it is considered paraphrasing and not a direct quotation. Thus, to cite your translated material, all you need to do is include the author and date of the material in the in-text citation. It is helpful to include the page number in the citation as this will help any readers who do not speak the original language to find the translated passage.

Reference List:

In the reference list, provide the citation for the work in its original language and in addition to this provide an English translation of the title of the work in [square brackets] after the foreign-language title, without italics.

Further guidance and more examples can be found on the APA Blog 

Additional guidance on works written in a language other than English or in a non Roman script can be found in the Additional Guidance Box 

In-Text Citation - For further guidance see the  In-Text Citations page 

If you are citing sources such as picture book and graphic novels, where the illustrator plays an extensive role, include both the names of the author(s) and illustrator(s). Provide the illustrator’s name(s) with the abbreviation “Illus.” in round brackets, separated with a comma, please note the illustrator(s) name(s) are reversed with Initials provided first, followed by surname. Should the author and illustrator be the same you need to repeat the name in the reference.

Sendak, M. (1963). Where the wild things are (M. Sendak, Illus.). HarperCollins Publishers. 

For republished or anniversary editions follow the guidance in the republished tab

Sendak, M. (2012). Where the wild things are (M. Sendak, Illus.; 50th anniversary ed.). HarperCollins Publishers. (Original work published 1963)

For book series, do not include the series number in the reference unless it is actually part of the title of the book.

Further guidance about referencing children's picture books and children's literature in general can be found on the APA blog

In-Text Citation -  Follows standard Author/Year format - For further guidance see the  In-Text Citations page 

For ancient texts, you should use the authorised numbering system (eg. book and verse, or chapter and section), as page numbers can vary across editions. Use italics for the title of the work.

Homer, Odyssey, 10·190

Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1·17·5

Don't shorten the titles of ancient works (eg. use Aeneid not Aen.)

It's generally better to give a title in English and it is good practice always to translate quotations given in ancient languages

Odysseus reaches Circe’s island by accident, and indeed, when he arrives on the island, Odysseus describes ‘οὐ γάρ τ’ἴδμεν, ὅπῃ ζόφος οὐδ’ ὅπῃἠώς,’ [for we don’t where the west is, nor where dawn is] (Odyssey,10·190), because the geography of fantasy land is beyond his comprehension.

Pausanias, in his Description of Greece, suggested that Odysseus’s description seems to resemble the geography of Thesprotia, where such a shrine existed (1·17·5).

Reference List entries are not required for major classical works, however if you wish to provide an entry, for example because it is less well-known or the edition matters for your purposes), you can list it as follows under the EDITOR (with the name of the ancient author in the title):

Dewar, M. (1996). Claudian: Panegyricus de Sexto Consulatu Honorii Augusti.  Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Thilo, G. & Hagen, H. (1881). Servii Grammatici Qui Feruntur in Vergilii  Carmina Commentarii.  Leipzig: Teubner.

For translations, you should use the Loeb Classical Library and reference the work like this:

Goold, G. P. (1991). Virgil: Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid 1-6. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Reference List

For republished works include both publication dates (original date published and date of the edition you are using). Please see guidance on Republished Works.

For edited works and/or translated works provide the name(s) after the title.

Surname, First Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of play. (Translator Initial(s). Surname(s), Trans., Editor Initial(s). Surname(s). Ed./Eds.). Publisher. (Original work published date)

Shakespeare, W. (1995). Romeo and Juliet (C Brown. Ed.). Cambridge University Press. (original work published 1623)

In-text 

Parenthetical citation: (Shakespeare,1623/1995) 

Narrative citation: Shakespeare (1623/1995) 

Citing a specific act, scene or line for classical works

For classical works such as Shakespeare, where parts are common across editions, cite the Act, Scene and Line, not the page number. e.g 

Parenthetical citation: (Shakespeare,1623/1995, 1.3.36-37) 

Narrative citation: Shakespeare (1623/1995, 1.3.36-37)