How to reference...
Surname, INITIALS. (Year). Title. [Description of material]. Degree awarding body.
(Description of material = PhD thesis, MPhil Thesis, MEd Thesis, MPhil Essay 1, MEd Essay 2 etc)
Reference list:
Aguirre, A. (2015). What Is the role of the arts in early years education seen through the lens of child-centred pedagogy in the 21st Century. [MPhil Thesis]. University of Cambridge.
In-text:
(Aguirre, 2015)
**The citation of interviews depends on the nature of the interview.**
Third-party interviews: If the interview is published in a form that is recoverable (e.g., a recording, transcript, published Q&A), use the reference format appropriate for the source in which the interview is available.
Interview on a website
Surname of Person being interviewed, INITIALs. (Year, Month Date). Interview title (INITIALS. surname, interviewer). Retrieved from URL
Bloggs, J. (2014, July 16). Transcript from That TV Show . (J. Smith, Interviewer). Retrieved from URL
Interview in a Magazine
Surname of Person being interviewed, INITIALS. (Year). Title of interview (INITIALS. surname, interviewer). Title of Magazine, Volume(Issue), page numbers. Retrieved from URL
Bloggs, J. (2014). Crossing Canada on a bicycle (J. Smith, Interviewer) Referencing News, 12(3), 12-14. Retrieved from URL
In-text:
(Bloggs, 2014)
** For YouTube videos see the guidance in the Social Media section **
Informational interviews: If you have interviewed someone for information about your topic and that person has agreed to be identified as a source, cite the source as a personal communication; personal communications do not have reference list entries because they cannot be retrieved.
In-text:
(Initial. Surname, Personal communication, Month Date, Year)
(J. Smith, personal communication, August 15, 2016)
If a person has *Not agreed* to be identified as a source do not provide the name and no citation is needed.
**Anonymous should not be used in lieu of a name in these circumstances as this term can only be used when a source is specifically signed as ‘anonymous’**
Interviews of research participants: No citation is needed for remarks made by participants in the research on which you’re reporting. Do not cite these as personal communications; this would breach the participants’ guarantee of confidentiality.
** Caution: - Referencing of lectures should be a rare event **
Reference List:
Surname, INITIAL. (Day, Month, Year). Lecture Title. Lecture conducted from (add Institution name), City.
Warwick, P. (27 November, 2014) Primary Science is Incredible. Lecture given at the University of Cambridge Faculty of Education.
In-text:
(Warwick, 2014)
Archival Documents
Archival sources include letters, in-house institutional and corporate documents as well as non-text material such as photographs.
Choices for [Description of material]: Correspondence, Letter, Lecture notes, Interview, Brochure, Clippings, Photographs
There is a general format that can be modified, to include as much information possible, for example if the author and/or date is uncertain the information can be placed in square brackets to include a ? at the end of the name and ca. In front of the date as such [Allport, A.?]. [ca. 1973].
Surname, INITIALS. (Year Month Day) Title. [Description of material]. Name of Collection (Box number, File name or number). Name of Repository. Location.
Letters
If citing several items from the same collection, for example letters, cite the collection as a whole in the reference list and provide specific information for each item in the in-text citation.
Reference list: Surname, INITIALS. (Year) Correspondence. Name of Collection (Box number, File name or number). Name of Repository. Location.
In-text citation: (Surname, INITIALS., Year, Correspondent to receiver , Month Date, Year)
Private letters that are not easily retrievable should be treated as personal communications and cited in-text only.
Personal communications do not have reference list entries because they cannot be retrieved.
If a person has agreed to be identified as a source, cite the source in-text as personal communication
In-text:
(Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Date, Year)
(J. Smith, personal communication, August 15, 2016)
**Anonymous should not be used in lieu of a name as this term can only be used when a source is specifically signed as ‘anonymous’**
If a person has *Not agreed* to be identified as a source, do not provide the name and no citation is needed.
**Personal communication that is recoverable (e.g. letters from a published archive) should be referenced following the guidance given on Archival material**
If you are referring to your own previous research you will need to reference this to avoid self plagiarism
To do this cite yourself as the author then reference the work as an unpublished paper, essay or thesis. Please see the guidance for Unpublished Works by clicking on the link below:
https://libguides.cam.ac.uk/educationfacultyreferencing3/unpublished
If your work is published (including blog posts, book reviews etc) reference as per the guidance given for the specific format.
Unpublished works include work that is in progress or has not been formally published. If citing a work that is in progress you will need to update the reference and refer to the final published version of the source where possible to do so.
Unpublished manuscript with a University cited:
Surname, INITIALS. (Date) Title. Unpublished manuscript, Department, University. Location
Unpublished raw data from a study:
Surname, INITIALS. (Date) [Title]. Unpublished raw data
Informally published material or self-archived work:
Surname, INITIALS. (Date) Title Retrieved from
Photo from Marino Gonzalez @https://www.flickr.com/photos/merlin1487/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
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