General guidance on using photographs

If you are only making a passing reference to an image and not discussing it, there is no need to provide an entry in the Reference List, however it is good practice to include information on the source.  For e.g.:

An expression similar to Munch’s The Scream.

Citing a photograph on display in an exhibition, museum or institution

Reference list:

Photographer, INITIALS. (Photographer). (Date). Title of photograph[photograph]. Place of publication: Publisher/museum/institution.

Jones, A. (Photographer). (2017). Faculty in the snow [Photograph] Cambridge: Faculty of Education Library.

In-text:

(Jones, 2017)

Citing a photograph retrieved online

Reference list:

Photographer, INITIALS. (Photographer). (Date). Title of Photograph [Photograph]. Retrieved from URL

Jones, A (Photographer). (2017). Faculty in the snow [Photograph] Retrieved from URL

In-text:

(Jones, 2017)

Missing information

If there is no publication date use (n.d.)

If no photographer information is provided and it is listed as anonymous use Anonymous.  If not, use the title of the photo as the first element of your reference:

Reference list:

Title of photograph [photograph]. (Year, month date of publication). Place of publication: Publisher/museum/institution.

Faculty in the snow [Photograph]. (n.d.). Cambridge: Faculty of Education Library.

Faculty in the snow [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from URL

In-text:

(Faculty in the snow, 2017)

For further guidance and more examples see the APA blog post on citing works of art here

Citing a painting on display in an exhibition, museum or institution

Reference list:

Painter, INITIALS. (Painter). (Year). Title of Painting [Painting]. Place of publication: Publisher/museum/institution.

Citing a painting retrieved online

If you have not seen the original it is fine to reference an online image, in such cases use the website in the location element of your reference:

Painter, INITIALS. (Painter). (Year). Title of Painting [Painting]. Retrieved from URL

Missing information

When the date is known or there is reasonable evidence but it **is not** stated on the document, use [ca. YYYY] – with square brackets.

Taylor, J,R. (Painter) [ca.1600-1610]. Chandos Portrait [Painting]. London: National Portrait Gallery

If an approximate date **is** stated on the document you use (ca.1600-1610) – with round brackets

Taylor, J,R. (Painter) (ca.1600-1610). Chandos Portrait [Painting]. London: National Portrait Gallery

Citing an exhibit in a museum or gallery

Green, R.H. (Sculptor) (2017). Fenland couple in bronze [Exhibition Piece]. Ely: Old Firehouse Gallery.

(Green, 2017)

***It is vital that you make sure that any images you use are cleared of copyright restrictions***

See the Copyright and Images page on the Social Media Guide for information on how to do this.

When writing specifically about illustrations within a book, use the same information, (in the standard author–date format), as you would for written text.  Refer to the illustrator and his work in your narrative.

In-text:

“Errol Le Cain provides excellent examples of an enchanter turning roses red (Barber & Le Cain, 1991, p.3).”

When using a picture book with no page numbers, add unpaged to your citation with a clear description of the illustration.

“Errol Le Cain provides excellent examples of an enchanter turning roses red (Barber & Le Cain, 1991, unpaged).”

Reference list:

Barber, A., & Le Cain, E. (1991). The enchanter’s daughter. London: Random House Children’s Books.

Please see the Books & Ebooks section for further information

CLICK HERE for guidance on how to add photographs or works of art into your Zotero Library 

CLICK HERE for guidance on how to use Zotero with word to create your In-Text citation and Reference List

For further guidance on downloading and using Zotero please see the FAQ guides in the  *Managing Your References (Zotero)* Tab