How to reference...
Reference list:
Surname, INITIALS. (Producers if known) & Surname, INITIALS. (Directors). (Date). Title [production type]. Place of publication: Publisher.
Warner, A., Williams, J. H., Katzenberg, J. (Producers) & Adamson, A., Jenson, V. (Directors). (2001). Shrek [Motion Picture]. United States: DreamWorks.
In-text:
(Warner, Williams, Katzenberg, Adamson, Jenson, 2001)
Video recordings
Reference list:
Producer & Editor details. (Date). Title [Videocassette]. Place: Publisher.
Oracy Video (Producer) & Baddeley, G. (Editor). (1992). Learning together through talk [Videocassette]. United Kingdom: Hodder and Stoughton.
In-text:
(Oracy Video, 1992)
DVD recordings
Reference list:
Producer & Editor details. (Date). Title [DVD]. Place: Publisher.
Oracy Video (Producer) & Baddeley, G. (Editor). (1992). Learning together through talk [DVD]. United Kingdom: Hodder and Stoughton.
In-text:
(Oracy Video, 1992)
** For YouTube videos see the guidance in the Social Media section **
Episode in a TV series
Reference list:
Surname, INITIALS. (Writer) & Surname, INITIALS. (Producer or Director). (Broadcast Date). Title of episode [TV series episode]. Title of programme Place, Broadcaster.
Egan, D. (Writer), & Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House. New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.
In-text:
(Egan & Alexander, 2005)
TV series as a whole
Reference list:
Surname, INITIALS. (Producer). (Broadcast Date). Title of programme [Television series]. Place, Broadcaster.
Kring, T. (Producer). (2008). Heroes [Television series]. Melbourne, Australia: Seven Corporation.
In-text:
(King, 2008)
Episode in a radio series
Reference list:
Surname, INITIALS. (Producer/director/writer etc) & Surname, INITIALS. (second contributor as appropriate, eg Guest presenter ). (Year, Month day). Title of episode [Radio broadcast]. In Title of series. Network or production organisation. Retrieved from: URL
Al-Khalili, J (presenter) & Blackmore, S.J (Guest). (2015, March 24). The teenage brain [Radio broadcast] in The life scientific. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved from: URL
In-text:
(Al-Khalili & Blackmore, 2015)
Radio series as a whole
Reference list:
Surname, INITIALS. (Presenter). (Broadcast Date). Title of programme [Radio broadcast]. Broadcaster
Al-Khalili, J (presenter) (2015).The life scientific [Radio broadcast]. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved from: URL
In-text:
(Al-Khalili, 2015)
Please see the *Managing Your References (Zotero)* page for further guidance on downloading and using Zotero, including FAQs on how to add materials into your Zotero library
An in-text citation for a film or video will include the following information:
(Producer Surname & Director Surname, Year)
To reference a film by name, write the name of the film in italics followed by the name of the director, and the year it was produced in parentheses:
Although The Shawshank Redemption (Darabont, 1994) is a fictional depiction of life in a maximum-security prison, it addresses a vast number of correctional issues from both the past and the present.
Direct quotes:
If you are quoting from an audiovisual source then you need to include the time stamp for any comments you use:
(Smith and Jones, 2004, 11:54)
Further information on citing audiovisual materials can be found on the APA blog here